The UK Column has covered various aspects of the Covid-19 virus, taking a closer look at the significant adverse effects of Covid-19 vaccines, including clotting, and changes in immunological mechanisms following vaccination. These mechanisms are likely to explain the poor performance of Covid-19 vaccine campaigns, highlighted by the increased relative risk of infection in vaccinated people compared to unvaccinated people. was used for.
This article discusses the atypical spread of monkeypox virus that is occurring around the world. To be clear, monkeypox has never caused large clusters of infections in different countries at the same time. This is very unusual.
Monkeypox is one of four genera of variola viruses. can infect humans. There are two distinct clades of monkeypox viruses. The current infection is the West African version, and although it is usually mild, Mortality rate is less than 1%. Chickenpox is a specifically unrelated herpesvirus. chickenpox.
it needs to be explained why We are seeing this very unusual pattern of infection. The medical concern is that human-to-human transmission is increasing.
Basic data
Current data shows that There are 107 infected people (19 of whom are hospitalized) and 85 suspected cases, of whom 4 are hospitalized. Therefore, if only confirmed cases are considered, the hospitalization rate would be 18%. When cases of all statuses are combined, the hospitalization rate is 12%. However, these rates change as cases increase.
Early data suggests an increased risk among men who have sex with men.
background
in Code stabilizationI found the following:
In 2005, Drs. Wiseman and Carrico discovered a way to protect foreign mRNA from the body's immune system. This scientific milestone will be key to advances in mRNA vaccines in 2020.
Specifically, they modified the genetic code of RNA.
Their important discovery was RNA code changes (nucleoside uridine changes) As a result, the innate immune response involving toll-like receptors (TLRs) was eliminated.
This discovery is Adopted for mRNA technology used in new coronavirus vaccineto allow foreign vaccine mRNA to enter cells without being destroyed.
Changes in RNA trigger the body's immune defenses, specifically Toll-like receptors (TLRs).do not recognize foreign invaders Like a virus. As I continued to leave, Code stabilization:
The main TLRs affected are TLR 3, TLR 7, and TLR 8. These act as lookouts, and their job is to recognize foreign intruders. shapes and patterns (…)
The technology for modifying RNA has been used in an mRNA vaccine for the new coronavirus infection.
Dominguez Andres Others. discovered The technique not only worked well, but also appeared to induce long-term immune tolerance in vaccine recipients.
Innate immune cell responses to TLR4 and TLR7/8 ligands were reduced after BNT162b2 vaccination(.)
It turns out that after vaccination, Toll-like receptors don't work as well as they used to. That shouldn't have happened. Clearly, TLRs must be functional to protect against viruses like monkeypox.
mechanism
toll-like receptor
stack and bowie investigated the role of monkeypox virus and TLR 4.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an antiviral role in that they detect viruses and trigger the induction of cytokines and IFNs, thus making them targets for viral immune evasion. Although TLR4 is best known for its role in recognizing bacterial LPS, it is also strongly involved in the immune response against viruses (…) This study reveals the molecular basis of TLR4's antagonism towards poxviruses. I did.
heart Others. We demonstrated that poxviruses suppress host defenses by blocking TLR-3.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial in the innate immune response to pathogens in that they recognize and respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns, leading to activation of intracellular signaling pathways and changes in gene expression. (…)
This study reveals a new mechanism used by VV (Pox virus) To suppress host immunity. We demonstrate the abrogation of TLRs by viruses and provide further evidence for the important role of this receptor family in antiviral responses.
interferon
We also know that when TLRs detect a virus, they activate other parts of the immune system. Kanmohamedi and Rezaei write::
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in virus particle recognition and activation of the innate immune system. Activation of the TLR pathway leads to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and type 1 interferon (…)
The potent induction of type I IFNs by activation of TLRs constitutes an important aspect of antiviral immunity.
Given the fact that TLRs activate other parts of the immune system and that changes in vaccine mRNA reduce TLR reactivity, there may be similar differences in the downstream immunological profile after vaccination. should be expected to be seen.
Bone marrow cells, which highly express toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors, are thought to be the first to respond to viral infection. Potent induction of type I IFNs by activation of TLRs constitutes an important aspect of antiviral immunity (…)
IFN production depends on the transcription factors IRF7 and IRF8, which interact with MyD88 (Lester and Li, 2014; Tailor et al., 2007; Xagorari and Chlichlia, 2008). Previous studies on immune responses during COVID-19 found increased activity of these innate immune pathways (Scagnolari et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2020 ; Zhou et al., 2020) (…)
Differential gene expression analysis of pDCs from COVID-19 patients and immunized individuals revealed dramatic upregulation of gene signatures associated with type I and type II IFN production in the former; This was not the case with the latter.
Clearly, the attenuation (weakening) of TLRs after Covid-19 vaccination has significant negative effects. In this case, interferon, an important defense against viruses, may decrease in response to infection.
pox virus
Poxviruses, like many other viruses, developed in an attempt to trick human immune defenses.
This has been observed in the scientific literature such as Arndt et al. and others, Evasion of the innate immune type I interferon system by monkeypox virus; and Johnston Others.They demonstrate why viruses need to do this: In vitro inhibition of monkeypox virus production and spread by interferon-β.
In fact, critical to the success or failure of monkeypox virus is its ability to overcome TLRs and turn off interferons.
Of course, when the immune system response by TLRs and IFNs is weakened, people become more susceptible to pox infections. To combat this, all you need to do is expose yourself to the target virus.
The immune system is a complex symphony of responses, so changes in TLR responses have no effect. guarantee Exposure to the monkeypox virus results in successful infection; increase chances This is because key early defense mechanisms are weakened. Especially if other factors increase susceptibility.
Who is infected?
The list of confirmed cases in recent monkeypox outbreaks is almost exclusively male, and reports of male-on-male sex are common. This is still in the early stages of the investigation, so things may change. However, it is well understood that men who have sex with other men have obvious problems, such as: Increased risk of infection With viruses like this.
the current public list Of those infected with monkeypox, one The woman above it. In addition, relatively The high prevalence of homosexual and bisexual men suggests that the infection may be spreading through sexual networks.
Kelleher I will write in pink news:
UKHSA (Health and Safety Executive, formerly known as Public Health England – Editor's note) said that cases have been detected primarily among gay and bisexual men, which has caused some concern in the LGBTQ+ community.
UKHSA epidemiologist Mateo Prochaska said monkeypox was not thought to be transmitted sexually, but the virus could be spread through close contact in sexual networks.
On May 17, Prochaska said on Twitter that 57% of the infected people they found at that stage were gay or bisexual men. The numbers “strongly suggest spread in sexual networks,” he said.
However, you should ask questions such as: why now?Men are not I'm just getting started having sex with other men. And are all incidents connected?
The worldwide incidence of monkeypox and the apparently very extraordinary speed of its spread argue that something new has entered the equation. Something has changed.
What are the new factors?
Lockdown helped me too. Reduced immunity in adults due to lack of human contact, as described in Today's medical news:
“Chronic stress can suppress protective immune responses or exacerbate pathological immune responses,” according to a paper by Stanford University researcher Firdaus S. Dhabhar, Ph.D., published in Immunologic Research. .
For adults, the concern for the immune system is not the lack of interaction with microorganisms, but the stress of isolation and the pandemic.
However, most countries have now returned to relative normality and people are socializing again. And, absent chronic effects, the very fact that close contact is hypothesized as a mechanism for the spread of monkeypox argues for it. against Social isolation policy for infected persons.
I think it would be foolish to ignore the chronic immune changes caused by Covid-19 mRNA vaccination and the specific attenuation of TLRs that has resulted in altered interferon production and increased susceptibility to viruses such as monkeypox. I suggest.
Fortunately, most cases are mild, but tragically, like any other disease, there will be deaths, and changes in the immune response caused by the COVID-19 vaccine may impact monkeypox mortality rates. Impact is unknown. There will no doubt be more fear-mongering by the media and governments.
Of course, they have already begun. In fact, long before the first reported cases this month.
of Strengthening global systems to prevent and respond to major biological threats A tabletop exercise carried out in November 2021 in conjunction with the Munich Security Conference (the largest annual gathering of intelligence agencies in the Western world) will examine this current monkeypox scenario right up to the month it began. Looks like you predicted it correctly.
